Heap Coals of Fire on Their Heads – What does it mean?
For in so doing,
This phrase refers to the preceding action of showing kindness to one’s enemy, as advised in Proverbs 25:21. The context is about responding to hostility with benevolence, which is a recurring theme in biblical teachings. This approach is countercultural, especially in ancient times when retribution was a common response to enmity.
The idea of overcoming evil with good is also echoed in the New Testament, particularly in Romans 12:20-21. “20 Therefore
“If your enemy is hungry, feed him;
If he is thirsty, give him a drink;
For in so doing you will heap coals of fire on his head.”
21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.”
This metaphorical expression has been interpreted in various ways. One interpretation is that it signifies causing the enemy to feel shame and remorse, potentially leading to repentance. The imagery of “burning coals” may also relate to ancient purification rituals, where fire symbolizes cleansing and transformation.
We see in Isiah 6 that Isaiah
In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of His robe filled the temple. 2 Above it stood seraphim; each one had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew. 3 And one cried to another and said:
“Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts;
The whole earth is full of His glory!”
4 And the posts of the door were shaken by the voice of him who cried out, and the house was filled with smoke.
5 So I said:
“Woe is me, for I am [a]undone!
Because I am a man of unclean lips,
And I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips;
For my eyes have seen the King,
The Lord of hosts.”
6 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having in his hand a live coal which he had taken with the tongs from the altar. 7 And he touched my mouth with it, and said:
“Behold, this has touched your lips;
Your iniquity is taken away,
And your sin [b]purged.”
In Egyptian culture, carrying coals on the head was a sign of repentance. Thus, the act of kindness could lead the adversary to a change of heart, aligning with the biblical principle of loving one’s enemies.
This act “heaping coals”, a cultural sign of repentance is said to reap rewards from the Lord. This assurance of divine reward underscores the biblical principle that God honors those who act righteously, even when it is difficult. The promise of reward is a common motif in Scripture, encouraging believers to trust in God’s justice and provision. This aligns with teachings found in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:44-48), where Jesus emphasizes loving enemies and trusting in God’s ultimate reward. The concept of divine recompense is also seen in Hebrews 11:6, which speaks of God rewarding those who earnestly seek Him. Therefore, if thine enemy hunger … – This verse is taken almost literally from Proverbs 25:21-22.
21 If your enemy is hungry, give him bread to eat;
And if he is thirsty, give him water to drink;
22 For so you will heap coals of fire on his head,
And the Lord will reward you.
Hunger and thirst here are put for want in general. If thine enemy is needy in any way, do him good, and supply his needs. This is, in spirit, the same as the command of the Lord Jesus Matthew 5:44, “Do good to them that hate you,” etc. In so doing – It does not mean that we are to do this “for the sake” of heaping coals of fire on him, but that this will be the result.
Thou shalt heap … – Coals of fire are doubtless emblematical of “pain.” But the idea here is not that in so doing we shall call down divine vengeance on the man; but the apostle is speaking of the natural effect or result of showing him kindness. Burning coals heaped on a man’s head would be expressive of intense agony. So the apostle says that the “effect” of doing good to an enemy would be to produce pain. But the pain will result from shame, remorse of conscience, a conviction of the evil of his conduct, and an apprehension of divine displeasure that may lead to repentance. To do this, is not only perfectly right, but it is desirable. If a man can be brought to reflection and true repentance, it should be done. In regard to this passage we may remark,
(1) That the way to promote “peace” is to do good even to enemies.
(2) The way to bring a man to repentance is to do him good. On this principle God is acting continually. He does good to all, even to the rebellious; and he designs that his goodness should lead people to repentance; Romans 2:4.
4 Or do you despise the riches of His goodness, forbearance, and longsuffering, not knowing that the goodness of God leads you to repentance?
People will resist wrath, anger, and power; but “goodness” they cannot resist; it finds its way to the heart; and the conscience does its work, and the sinner is overwhelmed at the remembrance of his crimes.
(3) If people would act on the principles of the gospel, the world would soon be at peace. No man would suffer himself many times to be overwhelmed in this way with coals of fire. It is not human nature, bad as it is; and if Christians would meet all unkindness with kindness, all malice with benevolence, and all wrong with right, peace would soon pervade the community, and even opposition to the gospel might soon die away.